The role of anaerobic digestion and biomethane in the UK’s future energy system is receiving increasing attention.
A recent briefing published by the Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology explored the potential for expanding anaerobic digestion across the UK. It highlighted the contribution the technology could make to renewable energy generation, waste management, agriculture and the transition away from fossil fuels.
What is anaerobic digestion?
Anaerobic digestion, commonly known as AD, is a natural process in which microorganisms break down organic material in an oxygen-free environment.
A variety of feedstocks can be used, including agricultural materials, sewage sludge, food waste and purpose-grown energy crops. The process produces biogas, which can be used to generate renewable heat and electricity or upgraded to create biomethane.
Biomethane has similar properties to conventional natural gas. This means it can be injected into the existing gas network or used to produce renewable fuels such as Bio-LNG.
More than renewable energy
The benefits of anaerobic digestion extend beyond the production of renewable gas.
When managed responsibly, AD can support a circular economy by transforming organic materials into useful products. Alongside biogas, the process produces digestate, a nutrient-rich material that can be used as a fertiliser and help reduce reliance on inorganic alternatives.
The Parliamentary briefing noted that using digestate appropriately could recycle nutrients, support soil fertility and reduce some of the emissions associated with manufacturing conventional nitrogen fertilisers.
Biomethane may also contribute to reducing methane emissions by replacing fossil fuels and processing certain materials that could otherwise release methane as they decompose.
Supporting energy security and decarbonisation
Producing biomethane domestically provides an opportunity to reduce reliance on imported fossil gas while supporting a more resilient and diverse UK energy system.
Unlike some renewable technologies, biomethane can be stored and used when required. It can support heating, industrial processes, heavy transport and flexible energy generation.
The existing Green Gas Support Scheme provides tariff support for eligible biomethane produced through anaerobic digestion and injected into the gas grid. The scheme is currently open to applications until 31 March 2028.
Recent industry activity also demonstrates growing interest in new capacity. In March 2026, 38 applications were submitted to build or expand biomethane plants across Cadent’s network area, including 17 applications in the East of England.
Responsible growth will be essential
Expanding the anaerobic digestion sector must be approached responsibly.
Strong operational standards, careful feedstock selection, effective methane management and responsible digestate storage and application will all be important in ensuring the industry delivers genuine environmental benefits.
Regulation, planning, infrastructure investment and long-term policy certainty will also influence how quickly new biomethane projects can be delivered.
Pretoria Energy’s perspective
At Pretoria Energy, we believe anaerobic digestion and biomethane can play a valuable role in building a more sustainable and resilient energy system.
Through the production of renewable biomethane, Bio-LNG and green Bio-CO₂, AD can provide practical decarbonisation solutions for businesses while supporting agriculture, transport and the wider circular economy.
The technology is already delivering renewable energy today. With the right investment, innovation and collaboration, its contribution could become even more significant in the years ahead.
